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Saint Galgano (1148 – December 3, 1181〔His alleged date of death is December 3, 1181, but other scholars assign it to November 30, 1180. The Roman Catholic Church celebrates Saint Galgano on November 30, as ordered in 2004 by Pope Johannes Paul II.〕) is a Catholic saint from Tuscany. He was born in Chiusdino, in the modern province of Siena, Italy. His mother's name, Dionigia, while his father's name (Guido or Guidotto) only appeared in a document dated in the 16th century, when the last name Guidotti was attributed. The canonization process to declare Galgano a saint started in 1185, only a few years after his death, and his canonization was the first conducted with a formal process by the Roman Church.〔As reported by A. Vauchez in "La santità nel medioevo", Il Mulino, Bologna, 1989〕 A lot of Saint Galgano's life is known through the documents of the canonization process in 1185〔''Inquisitio in partibus'', transcribed by Sigismondo Tizio in ''Historiae Senenses'' and transcribed in "Analecta Toscana IV; Der Einsiedler Galgano von chiusino und die Anfange von San Galgano" by Fedor Schneider (1914-1924). 〕 and other ''Vitae: Legenda beati Galgani''〔Codice Laurenziano, 14th century〕 by anonymous, ''Legenda beati Galgani confessoris'' by an unknown Cistercian monk,〔Codice di Siena, 15th century〕 ''Leggenda di Sancto Galgano'',〔Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, cod. Chigi M. V. 118, 15th century.〕 ''Vita sancti Galgani de Senis'',〔Codice di Veroli, 15th century.〕 ''Vita beati Galgani''.〔Codice Laurenziano, 15th century.〕 Galgano is said to have led a ruthless life in his early years, but later abandoned it in favour of a pious hermitage in the place now known as Rotonda di Montesiepi. His mother, Dionigia, is believed to have reported that Galgano had two visions, both involving Archangel Michael: in the first vision the Archangel told Galgano that he was going to be protected by the Archangel himself. In the second vision, Galgano was following the Archangel and they arrived to the hill of Monte Siepi where they met the twelve Apostles and the Creator himself. After the visions, it is said that Galgano's horse refused to obey his orders and led him on top Monte Siepi where his vision happened. Convinced that this was a sign, Galgano decided to plant a cross. Since he had no way to make one of wood, he planted his sword in the ground. The sword is said to have immediately became one piece with the ground so that nobody could remove it. The Sword in the stone of San Galgano can still be seen At the Rotonda at Montesiepi, near the ruins of San Galgano Abbey, the handle of a sword protrudes from the ground, said to be the sword in the stone of San Galgano. A round church was built over the purported tomb, where pilgrims came in large numbers and miracles were claimed. In that year Cistercian monks took over Monte Siepi at the request of Hugh, bishop of Volterra, but most of Galgano's monks left, scattered over Tuscany, and became Augustinian hermits. By 1220 a large Cistercian monastery was built below Galgano's hermitage: they then claimed him as a Cistercian saint. His cult was lively in Siena and Volterra, where numerous representations survive. The ruins of his hermitage can still be seen, while his cloak is kept in the church of Santuccio at Siena.〔Oxford Dictionary of Saints/David Hugh Farmer 1997 Oxford University Press〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Galgano Guidotti」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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